Charles OF TESCHEN [Parents] was born in 1771 in Austria. He died in 1847 in Austria. He married Henriette OF NASSAU in 1815.
Henriette OF NASSAU was born in 1797 in Austria. She died in 1827. She married Charles OF TESCHEN in 1815.
They had the following children:
F i Maria Theresa OF TESCHEN was born in 1816. She died in 1867. M ii Albrecht OF TESCHEN was born in 1817 in , , Austria. He died in 1895. M iii Charles Ferdinand OF AUSTRIA was born in 1818. He died in 1874. F iv Mary Caroline OF TESCHEN was born in 1825 in <, , Austria>. She died in 1915. M v William OF TESCHEN was born in 1827 in , , Austria. He died in 1894.
Philipp Wilhelm Elector Of PALATINE [Parents] was born on 24 Sep 1615 in , Neuburg A. Donau, Schwaben, Bavaria. He died on 2 Sep 1690 in , Wien, Wien, Austria. He was buried in , Neuburg A. Donau, Schwaben, Bavaria. He married Elisabeth Amalie Princess Of HESSE-DARMSTADT on 24 Aug 1653 in , Langenschwalbach, Hessen-Nassau, Prussia. They were married on 24 Aug 1653 in , Langenschwalbach, Hessen-Nassau, Prussia. Philipp was born on 24 Sep 1615 in , Neuburg A. Donau, Schwaben, Bavaria. He died on 2/12 Sep 1690 in , Wien, Wien, Austria. He was buried in , Neuburg A. Donau, Schwaben, Bavaria.
Elisabeth Amalie Princess Of HESSE-DARMSTADT [Parents] was born on 20 Mar 1635 in , Giessen, Oberhessen, Hesse-Darmstadt. She was christened on 5 Apr 1635 in , Giessen, Oberhessen, Hesse-Darmstadt. She died on 4 Aug 1709 in , Neuburg A.d., Schwaben, Bavaria. She was buried in Jesuitenhofkirche, Neuburg A.d., Schwaben, Bavaria. She married Philipp Wilhelm Elector Of PALATINE on 24 Aug 1653 in , Langenschwalbach, Hessen-Nassau, Prussia. They were married on 24 Aug 1653 in , Langenschwalbach, Hessen-Nassau, Prussia. Elisabeth was born on 20/30 Mar 1635 in , Giessen, Oberhessen, Hesse-Darmstadt. She was christened on 5 Apr 1635 in , Giessen, Oberhessen, Hesse-Darmstadt. She died on 4 Aug 1709 in , Neuburg A.d., Schwaben, Bavaria. She was buried in Jesuitenhofkirche, Neuburg A.d., Schwaben, Bavaria.
They had the following children:
F i Hedwig Elisabeth Princess Of PALATINE was born on 18 Jul 1673. She died on 10 Aug 1722. M ii Karl Philipp Elector Of PALATINE was born on 4 Nov 1661 in , Neuburg A. Donau, Schwaben, Bavaria. He died on 31 Dec 1742 in , Mannheim, Mannheim, Baden. He was buried in , Mannheim, Mannheim, Baden. Karl was born on 4 Nov 1661 in , Neuburg A. Donau, Schwaben, Bavaria. He died on 31 Dec 1742 in , Mannheim, Mannheim, Baden. He was buried in , Mannheim, Mannheim, Baden. F iii Sofie Elisabeth Princess Of PALATINE was born on 27 May 1657 in , Dhusseldorf, Rheinland, Prussia. She died on 7 Feb 1658. Sofie was born on 27 May 1657 in , Dhusseldorf, Rheinland, Prussia. She died on 7 Feb 1658. M iv Johann Wilhelm Elector Of The PALATINE was born on 19 Apr 1658 in , Dhusseldorf, Rheinland, Prussia. He died on 18 Jun 1716 in , Dhusseldorf, Rheinland, Prussia. He was buried in , Dhusseldorf, Rheinland, Prussia. Johann was born on 19 Apr 1658 in , Dhusseldorf, Rheinland, Prussia. He died on 18 Jun 1716 in , Dhusseldorf, Rheinland, Prussia. He was buried in , Dhusseldorf, Rheinland, Prussia. M v Wolfgang Prince Of PALATINE was born on 5 Jun 1659 in , Dhusseldorf, Rheinland, Prussia. He died on 4 Jun 1683. Wolfgang was born on 5 Jun 1659 in , Dhusseldorf, Rheinland, Prussia. He died on 4 Jun 1683. M vi Alexander Prince Of PALATINE was born on 16 Apr 1663 in , Neuburg A. Donau, Schwaben, Bavaria. He died on 24 Jan 1737. Alexander was born on 16 Apr 1663 in , Neuburg A. Donau, Schwaben, Bavaria. He died on 24 Jan 1737. M vii Friedrich Wilhelm Prince PALATINE was born on 20 Jul 1665 in , Dhusseldorf, Rheinland, Prussia. He died on 13 Jul 1689. Friedrich was born on 20 Jul 1665 in , Dhusseldorf, Rheinland, Prussia. He died on 13/23 Jul 1689. F viii Marie Sofie Princess Of PALATINE was born on 6 Aug 1666. She died on 4 Aug 1699. M ix Philipp Wilhelm Prince Of PALATINE was born on 19 Nov 1668 in , Neuburg An Donau, Schwaben, Bavaria. He died on 5 Apr 1693 in , Zbakupy, Lbipa Ceska, Czechoslovakia. Philipp was born on 19 Nov 1668 in , Neuburg An Donau, Schwaben, Bavaria. He died on 5 Apr 1693 in , Zbakupy, Lbipa Ceska, Czechoslovakia. F x Dorothea Princess Of PALATINE was born on 8 Jul 1670. She died on 5 Sep 1748. M xi Johann Prince Of PALATINE was born on 1 Feb 1675 in , Dhusseldorf, Rheinland, Prussia. He died on 2 Feb 1675. Johann was born on 1 Feb 1675 in , Dhusseldorf, Rheinland, Prussia. He died on 2 Feb 1675. F xii Eleonore Princess Of PALATINE was born on 6 Jan 1655. She died on 19 Jan 1720. F xiii Marie Adelheid Princess Of PALATINE was born on 6 Jan 1656 in , Neuburg A. Donau, Schwaben, Bavaria. She died on 22 Dec 1656. Marie was born on 6 Jan 1656 in , Neuburg A. Donau, Schwaben, Bavaria. She died on 22 Dec 1656. M xiv Ludwig Anton Prince Of PALATINE was born on 9 Jun 1660 in , Dhusseldorf, Rheinland, Prussia. He died on 4 May 1694. Ludwig was born on 9 Jun 1660 in , Dhusseldorf, Rheinland, Prussia. He died on 4 May 1694. M xv Franz Ludwig Prince Of PALATINE was born on 18 Jul 1664 in , Neuburg A. Donau, Schwaben, Bavaria. He died on 18 Apr 1732. Franz was born on 18 Jul 1664 in , Neuburg A. Donau, Schwaben, Bavaria. He died on 18 Apr 1732. F xvi Marie Anna Princess Of PALATINE was born on 28 Oct 1667 in Schloss Benrath, Bei Dhusseldorf, Rheinland, Prussia. She died on 16 Jul 1740 in (sp), Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain. She was buried in , El Escorial, Madrid, Spain. Marie was born on 28 Oct 1667 in Schloss Benrath, Bei Dhusseldorf, Rheinland, Prussia. She died on 16 Jul 1740 in (sp), Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain. She was buried in , El Escorial, Madrid, Spain. F xvii Leopoldine Princess Of PALATINE was born on 27 May 1679 in Neuburg An Donau, Schwaben, Bavaria. She died on 8 Mar 1693. Leopoldine was born on 27 May 1679 in Neuburg An Donau, Schwaben, Bavaria. She died on 8 Mar 1693.
Ferdinand I, Karl Leopold Joseph Emperor Of AUSTRIA King of Hungary [Parents] was born on 19 Apr 1793 in Wien, Wien, Austria. He died on 29 Jun 1875 in Praha, Praha, Czechoslovakia. He was buried in Crypta Von Der Capucins, Wien, Wien, Austria. He married Anna, Princess Of SARDINIA on 27 Feb 1831 in Wien, Wien, Austria.
http://www.xs4all.nl/~kvenjb/madmonarchs/ferdinand/ferdinand_bio.htm
Anna, Princess Of SARDINIA was born on 19 Sep 1803 in Roma, Roma, Italy. She died on 4 May 1884 in Praha, Praha, Czechoslovakia. She was buried in Crypta Von Der Capucins, Wien, Wien, Austria. She married Ferdinand I, Karl Leopold Joseph Emperor Of AUSTRIA King of Hungary on 27 Feb 1831 in Wien, Wien, Austria.
Albrecht II "The Wise" Duke Of AUSTRIA [Parents] was born on 12 Dec 1298 in , Wien, Wien, Austria. He died on 20 Jul 1358 in , Wien, Wien, Austria. He was buried in Gemnits Stift. He married Johanne Countess Of PFIRT in May 1324 in , Basel, Baselstadt, Switzerland.
Johanne Countess Of PFIRT was born in 1300 in Of, Ferrette, Haut-Rhin, France. She died on 15 Nov 1351. She was buried in , Gamming, Karnten, Austria. She married Albrecht II "The Wise" Duke Of AUSTRIA in May 1324 in , Basel, Baselstadt, Switzerland.
They had the following children:
Felipe Prince Of SPAIN [Parents] was born on 15 Mar 1720 in , Madrid, Madrid, Spain. He died on 18 Jul 1765 in , Alessandria, Alessandria, Spain. He was buried in Capucines, Parma, Parma, Italy. He married Elisabeth Princess Of FRANCE AND NAVARRE on 25 Oct 1739 in , Alcala De Henares, Madrid, Spain.
Elisabeth Princess Of FRANCE AND NAVARRE [Parents] was born on 14 Aug 1727 in , Versailles, , France. She died on 6 Dec 1759 in , Versailles, , France. She was buried in St Denis, , France. She married Felipe Prince Of SPAIN on 25 Oct 1739 in , Alcala De Henares, Madrid, Spain.
They had the following children:
F i Isabella Princess Of PARMA was born on 31 Dec 1741. She died on 27 Nov 1763. M ii Ferdinando Maria Filippo Lodovico Duke Of PARMA was born on 20 Jan 1751. He died on 9 Oct 1802. F iii Luigia Princess Of PARMA was born on 9 Dec 1751. She died on 2 Jan 1819.
Lorenzo II DE MEDICI was born about 1493 in Florence, , Italy.
He had the following children:
F i Catherine Of Florence DE MEDICI was born on 13 Apr 1519. She died on 5 Jan 1589.
Maximilian II Emperor Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE [Parents] was born on 31 Jul 1527 in , Wien, Wien, Austria. He died on 12 Oct 1576 in , Wien, Wien, Austria. He was buried in Wien, Wien, Austria. He married Marie Archduchess Of AUSTRIA in 1548 in Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
A Hapsburg ruler who failed
EMPEROR MAXIMILIAN II
By Paula Sutter Fichtner
Yale University Press, $30, 344 pages, illus.
REVIEWED BY BRIDGET HEAL"By virtually all standards, including his own, Emperor Maximilian II (1527-1576) was a failure." So begins Paula Sutter Fichtner's account of the life and times of one of 16th-century Europe's least effective rulers.
As a Hapsburg, Maximilian was a member of one of Europe's leading dynasties. His uncle, Charles V, had built up a massive empire, uniting the Netherlands, Spain, the New World, Naples, Sicily and Germany under his leadership. Charles' son, Philip, inherited the Spanish part of this empire and the Netherlands, while Germany passed to Charles' brother, Ferdinand, and thence, in 1562, to Ferdinand's son, Maximilian.
Charles V and Philip II are two of the great figures of European history and have been the subjects of numerous studies, but "Emperor Maximillian II" is the first full biography of Maximilian II in English. Perhaps not surprisingly, previous scholars have been deterred by Maximilian's inadequacies — his inability to achieve any of his stated aims and his failure to make any lasting impression on Europe's political and religious landscape. As the author points out, however, history is not just about great achievements. It is about the totality of past experience, in which failure and defeat have inevitably played a central role.
Marie Archduchess Of AUSTRIA [Parents] was born on 21 Jun 1528 in , Madrid, Madrid, Spain. She died on 26 Feb 1603 in Couvent St. Clara, Villa Monte, , Spain. She was buried in , El Escorial, Madrid, Spain. She married Maximilian II Emperor Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE in 1548 in Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
They had the following children:
F i Anna Marie Archduchess Of AUSTRIA was born on 2 Nov 1549. She died on 26 Oct 1580. M ii Ferdinand, Archduke Of AUSTRIA was born on 28 Mar 1551 in Of, Cigales, Valladolid, Spain. He died on 25 Jun 1552. M iii Rudolf II Emperor Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE was born in 1552 in Austria. He died in 1612. M iv Ernst, Archduke Of AUSTRIA was born on 15 Jun 1553 in Wien, Wien, Austria. He died on 20 Feb 1595. F v Elisabeth, Archduchess Of AUSTRIA was born on 5 Jun 1554 in Wien, Wien, Austria. She died on 22 Jan 1592 in Wien, Wien, Austria. F vi Marie, Archduchess Of AUSTRIA was born on 27 Jul 1555 in Of Wien, Wien, Austria. She died on 25 Jun 1556. M vii Matthias Emperor Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE was born on 24 Feb 1557 in , Wien, Wien, Austria. He died on 20 Mar 1619 in Wien, Wien, Austria. He was buried in Kapuziener Kirche, Wien, Wien, Austria. M viii Son, Archduke Of AUSTRIA was born on 20 Oct 1557 in Of Wien, Wien, Austria. M ix Maximilian, Archduke Of AUSTRIA was born on 12 Oct 1558 in Wiener-Neustadt, Niederhosterreich, Austria. He died on 2 Nov 1618. M x Albrecht Ernst, Archduke Of AUSTRIA was born on 13 Nov 1559 in Wiener-Neustadt, Niederhosterreich, Austria. He died on 13 Jul 1621 in Bruxelles, Brabant, Belgium. He was buried in St. Michel Et Gudule, Bruxelles, Brabant, Belgium. M xi Wenzel, Archduke Of AUSTRIA was born on 9 Mar 1561 in Wiener-Neustadt, Niederhosterreich, Austria. He died on 22 Sep 1578. M xii Friedrich, Archduke Of AUSTRIA was born on 21 Jun 1562 in Linz, Oberhosterreich, Austria. He died on 16 Jan 1563. F xiii Marie, Archduchess Of AUSTRIA was born on 19 Feb 1564 in Of, Linz, Oberhosterreich, Austria. She died on 26 Mar 1564. M xiv Karl, Archduke Of AUSTRIA was born on 26 Sep 1565 in Of, Linz, Oberhosterreich, Austria. He died on 23 May 1566. F xv Margarethe, Archduchess Of AUSTRIA was born on 25 Jan 1567 in Of, Linz, Oberhosterreich, Austria. She died on 5 Jul 1633. F xvi Eleonore, Archduchess Of AUSTRIA was born on 4 Nov 1568 in Of, Linz, Oberhosterreich, Austria. She died on 12 Mar 1580.
John STEWART [Parents] was born about 1440 in Balveny, Fifeshire, Scotland. He died on 15 Sep 1512 in , Laighwood, Perthshire, Scotland. He was buried in Cathedral, Dunkeld, Perthshire, Scotland. He married Eleanor SINCLAIR before 19 Apr 1475 in Dunkeld, Cathedral, Perth, Scotland.
Other marriages:DOUGLAS, Margaret
Eleanor SINCLAIR [Parents] was born about 1457 in Of, Ravenscraig, Fifeshire, Scotland. She died on 21 Mar 1518. She was buried in Dunkeld, Cathedral, Perthshire, Scotland. She married John STEWART before 19 Apr 1475 in Dunkeld, Cathedral, Perth, Scotland.
They had the following children:
F i Margaret STEWART was born about 1487 in Of, Balveny, Fife, Scotland. She died on 26 Jul 1524 in Island Of Lochtay, Perthshire, Scotland. She was buried in Chapel, Finlarig, Perthshire, Scotland. F ii Christian STEWART was born about 1476 in Of, Balveny, Fife, Scotland. She died on 30 May 1538 in , , , Scotland. She was buried in Dunkeld, Cathedral, Perthshire, Scotland. M iii John STEWART was born about 1478 in Of, Balveny, Fifeshire, Scotland. He died after 1521 in , , , Scotland. He was buried before 1522. F iv Jean STEWART was born about 1481 in Of, Balveny, Fife, Scotland. M v Andrew STEWART was born about 1485 in Of, Balveny, Fifeshire, Scotland. He died in 1542 in , , , Scotland. F vi Elizabeth STUART was born about 1492. F vii Margaret STEWART was born about 1466 in <Dunkeld, Cathedral, Perth, Scotland>. F viii Anne Elizabeth STEWART was born about 1468 in Dunkeld, Cathedral, Perth, Scotland.
Napoleon I BONAPARTE [Parents] was born on 15 Aug 1769 in Ajaccio, Corsica, France. He died on 5 May 1821 in St Helena, Elba, Livorono, Italy. He married Marie Luise Leopoldine Franziska Theresia Of AUSTRIA on 1 Apr 1810 in Wien, Wien, Austria.
Other marriages:DE LA PLAIGNE, Louise Catherine bElbeonore Denuelle
TACSHER DE LA PAGERIE, Josephine Marie Rose
Marie Luise Leopoldine Franziska Theresia Of AUSTRIA [Parents] was born on 12 Dec 1791 in Wien, Austria. She died on 17 Dec 1847 in Parma, Italy. She was buried in Kirche Von Der Capucins, Wien, Austria. She married Napoleon I BONAPARTE on 1 Apr 1810 in Wien, Wien, Austria.
Other marriages:NEIPPERG, Adam Adalbert Adrian, Count Von
BOMBELLES, Charles Rene, Count Of
Marie Louise of Austria (German: Maria Luisa von Österreich; French: Marie Louise d'Autriche; Italian: Maria Luisa d'Austria; b. December 12, 1791 – d. December 17, 1847), born Archduchess Maria Luisa of Austria (German: Erzherzogin Maria Luisa von Österreich), became upon marriage Empress of the French (French: impératrice Marie Louise des Français), and in 1817 became Duchess of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla (Italian: Maria Luigia, Duchessa di Parma, Piacenza, e Guastalla).
She was the second wife of Napoléon Bonaparte and thus Empress of the French. She was also a double grandniece of Marie Antoinette. She was the mother of Napoleon II, King of Rome.Marie Louise (who was given the Latin baptismal name of Maria Ludovica Leopoldina Francisca Theresa Josepha Lucia) was born in Vienna, the daughter of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor (Francis I of Austria) and of his second wife, Maria Theresa of the Two Sicilies. To make her more marriageable, her parents had her tutored in many languages. In addition to her native German, she became fluent in English, French, Italian, Latin, and Spanish [1].
Marie Louise, Empress of the French (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna)
Marie Louise, Empress of the French (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna)[edit] Empress of the French
On March 11, 1810, the 18-year-old archduchess married French Emperor Napoléon I by proxy, with a subsequent ceremony taking place in the chapel of the Louvre on 1 April 1810. The bride's father intended the marriage to strengthen links between the Austrian Empire and the First French Empire. Napoleon sought the validation and legitimation of his Empire by marrying a member of the House of Habsburg, one of the oldest ruling families of Europe. He also hoped to cement his position by fathering a legitimate heir. Napoleon had previously tried to marry Grand Duchess Anna of the House of Romanov, younger sister of Tsar Alexander I of Russia, but his proposal had been refused.
On March 20, 1811, Marie Louise (as she was known in France) gave birth to a son, Napoléon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte, styled King of Rome and later Duke of Reichstadt. Marie Louise acted as Regent of France from April to December 1812 during the Russian campaign and again from April 1813 to January 1814 during her husband's absence in the German campaign. After Napoléon was forced to abdicate his throne in April 1814, he was exiled to the island of Elba. Marie Louise returned to Austria, never to see her husband again.
Napoléon claimed at one point to prefer Marie Louise to his first wife Joséphine de Beauharnais; while he had loved Joséphine, he claimed, he had not respected her, whereas with Marie Louise, there was "Never a lie, never a debt" — presumably a reference to Josephine's rumoured extramarital affairs and reputation as a spendthrift [2].
[edit] Duchess of Parma
The Duke of Reichstadt was the son of Marie Louise and Napoleon I. He was at one time in the line of succession to become the Duke of Parma and, prior to that, was formerly known as Napoleon II.
The Duke of Reichstadt was the son of Marie Louise and Napoleon I. He was at one time in the line of succession to become the Duke of Parma and, prior to that, was formerly known as Napoleon II.After Napoleon's abdication in April 1814, Marie Louise and her son fled Paris to Blois, and then to Vienna. The Treaty of Fontainebleau of April 11, 1814 allowed her to retain her imperial rank and style (Her Imperial Majesty The Empress Marie Louise) and made her the ruler of the duchies of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla, with her son as heir. However, in 1815, the Congress of Vienna revised this arrangement and made her Duchess of Parma for her life only, with the details of who would become Duke of Parma after her death unspecified. In 1817, a treaty was signed which would leave the duchies to a member of the House of Bourbon. In 1844 it was determined that the duchy of Guastalla would be inherited by the Duke of Modena.
In 1821, four months after Napoleon's death, Marie Louise married morganatically her lover, Count Adam Albert von Neipperg (1775-1829). The couple had three children, the first two of whom were born before Marie Louise and Neipperg were married:
* Albertine, Countess of Montenuovo (1817-1867), married Luigi Sanvitale, Count of Fontanellato)
* Wilhelm Albrecht, Count of Montenuovo, later created Prince of Montenuovo (1819-1895), married Countess Juliana Batthyány von Németújvár)
* Mathilde, Countess of Montenuovo (born 1822)On February 17, 1834 Marie Louise married, again morganatically, her grand chamberlain, Charles-René, Count of Bombelles (1785-1856).[3]
By most accounts, Marie Louise was an able and intelligent ruler of Parma, introducing various reforms and working hard to benefit her new subjects. She died in 1847 at Parma.
Marie Louise was also a double grandniece of Marie Antoinette, as she was a paternal granddaughter of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (Marie Antoinette's brother) and a maternal granddaughter of Marie Caroline of Austria, Queen of Naples and Sicily (Marie Antoinette's sister).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Louise%2C_Duchess_of_Parma
They had the following children:
Adam Adalbert Adrian, Count Von NEIPPERG [Parents] was born on 8 Apr 1775 in Wien, Wien, Austria. He died on 22 Feb 1829 in Parma, Parma, Italy. He married Marie Luise Leopoldine Franziska Theresia Of AUSTRIA on 7 Sep 1821 in Chateau De Sala, Parma, Parma, Italy.
Marie Luise Leopoldine Franziska Theresia Of AUSTRIA [Parents] was born on 12 Dec 1791 in Wien, Austria. She died on 17 Dec 1847 in Parma, Italy. She was buried in Kirche Von Der Capucins, Wien, Austria. She married Adam Adalbert Adrian, Count Von NEIPPERG on 7 Sep 1821 in Chateau De Sala, Parma, Parma, Italy.
Other marriages:BONAPARTE, Napoleon I
BOMBELLES, Charles Rene, Count Of
Marie Louise of Austria (German: Maria Luisa von Österreich; French: Marie Louise d'Autriche; Italian: Maria Luisa d'Austria; b. December 12, 1791 – d. December 17, 1847), born Archduchess Maria Luisa of Austria (German: Erzherzogin Maria Luisa von Österreich), became upon marriage Empress of the French (French: impératrice Marie Louise des Français), and in 1817 became Duchess of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla (Italian: Maria Luigia, Duchessa di Parma, Piacenza, e Guastalla).
She was the second wife of Napoléon Bonaparte and thus Empress of the French. She was also a double grandniece of Marie Antoinette. She was the mother of Napoleon II, King of Rome.Marie Louise (who was given the Latin baptismal name of Maria Ludovica Leopoldina Francisca Theresa Josepha Lucia) was born in Vienna, the daughter of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor (Francis I of Austria) and of his second wife, Maria Theresa of the Two Sicilies. To make her more marriageable, her parents had her tutored in many languages. In addition to her native German, she became fluent in English, French, Italian, Latin, and Spanish [1].
Marie Louise, Empress of the French (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna)
Marie Louise, Empress of the French (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna)[edit] Empress of the French
On March 11, 1810, the 18-year-old archduchess married French Emperor Napoléon I by proxy, with a subsequent ceremony taking place in the chapel of the Louvre on 1 April 1810. The bride's father intended the marriage to strengthen links between the Austrian Empire and the First French Empire. Napoleon sought the validation and legitimation of his Empire by marrying a member of the House of Habsburg, one of the oldest ruling families of Europe. He also hoped to cement his position by fathering a legitimate heir. Napoleon had previously tried to marry Grand Duchess Anna of the House of Romanov, younger sister of Tsar Alexander I of Russia, but his proposal had been refused.
On March 20, 1811, Marie Louise (as she was known in France) gave birth to a son, Napoléon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte, styled King of Rome and later Duke of Reichstadt. Marie Louise acted as Regent of France from April to December 1812 during the Russian campaign and again from April 1813 to January 1814 during her husband's absence in the German campaign. After Napoléon was forced to abdicate his throne in April 1814, he was exiled to the island of Elba. Marie Louise returned to Austria, never to see her husband again.
Napoléon claimed at one point to prefer Marie Louise to his first wife Joséphine de Beauharnais; while he had loved Joséphine, he claimed, he had not respected her, whereas with Marie Louise, there was "Never a lie, never a debt" — presumably a reference to Josephine's rumoured extramarital affairs and reputation as a spendthrift [2].
[edit] Duchess of Parma
The Duke of Reichstadt was the son of Marie Louise and Napoleon I. He was at one time in the line of succession to become the Duke of Parma and, prior to that, was formerly known as Napoleon II.
The Duke of Reichstadt was the son of Marie Louise and Napoleon I. He was at one time in the line of succession to become the Duke of Parma and, prior to that, was formerly known as Napoleon II.After Napoleon's abdication in April 1814, Marie Louise and her son fled Paris to Blois, and then to Vienna. The Treaty of Fontainebleau of April 11, 1814 allowed her to retain her imperial rank and style (Her Imperial Majesty The Empress Marie Louise) and made her the ruler of the duchies of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla, with her son as heir. However, in 1815, the Congress of Vienna revised this arrangement and made her Duchess of Parma for her life only, with the details of who would become Duke of Parma after her death unspecified. In 1817, a treaty was signed which would leave the duchies to a member of the House of Bourbon. In 1844 it was determined that the duchy of Guastalla would be inherited by the Duke of Modena.
In 1821, four months after Napoleon's death, Marie Louise married morganatically her lover, Count Adam Albert von Neipperg (1775-1829). The couple had three children, the first two of whom were born before Marie Louise and Neipperg were married:
* Albertine, Countess of Montenuovo (1817-1867), married Luigi Sanvitale, Count of Fontanellato)
* Wilhelm Albrecht, Count of Montenuovo, later created Prince of Montenuovo (1819-1895), married Countess Juliana Batthyány von Németújvár)
* Mathilde, Countess of Montenuovo (born 1822)On February 17, 1834 Marie Louise married, again morganatically, her grand chamberlain, Charles-René, Count of Bombelles (1785-1856).[3]
By most accounts, Marie Louise was an able and intelligent ruler of Parma, introducing various reforms and working hard to benefit her new subjects. She died in 1847 at Parma.
Marie Louise was also a double grandniece of Marie Antoinette, as she was a paternal granddaughter of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (Marie Antoinette's brother) and a maternal granddaughter of Marie Caroline of Austria, Queen of Naples and Sicily (Marie Antoinette's sister).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Louise%2C_Duchess_of_Parma
They had the following children: